Abstract
Shipping refers to the business of transporting goods. Global economic development is supported by the commercial shipping industry which facilitates the completion of trade transactions. Global trade volume has significantly grown with rapid increases in global sourcing activities and dispersed production sites. On the other hand, public concerns about environmental issues such as air pollution and resource depletion caused by shipping activities have been growing rapidly with the globalization of business activities. Environmentally friendly operations have been widely discussed (e.g., Revkin 2009; Rosenthal 2009). As transport service providers that facilitate trade flows in the global supply chain (Wong et al. 2009a, b, c; Yang et al. 2009), many shipping firms have begun to respond to environmental concerns by embracing green shipping practices (GSPs) to green their operations.
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